COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: AN UPDATE
COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: AN UPDATE
COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: AN UPDATE
1Pooja Bagdi*, 1Swati Rathore, 2Kamal Singh Rathore
1B.N. College of Pharmacy, Udaipur
2B.N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-Raj.
+919828325713(M)
Vision is our most precious sense. Our eyes are in constant use every waking minute of every day. Vision disturbance is a silent enemy that only appears after a long period of continued stress.
INTRODUCTION
Computers have equalled the telephone is becoming the most indispensable piece of office equipment. Because computer use is such a high visually demanding task, vision problems and symptoms have become very common in today’s workplace. Most studies indicate that computer operators, who view their Video Display Terminals (VDTs), report more eye-related problems than non-VDT office workers. A number of investigators have indicated that visual symptoms occur in 75-90% of VDT workers. In contrast to the popular conception regarding carpal tunnel syndrome, a study released by NIOSH showed that only 22% of VDT worker. A survey of optometrists indicated that 10 million eye examinations are annually given in this country primarily because of visual problems at VDTs. This study delineated the series of symptoms which eventually became known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). Computer Vision Syndrome describes a group of eye and vision-related problems that result from prolonged computer use. Many individuals experience eye discomfort and vision problems when viewing a computer screen for extended periods. The level of discomfort appears to increase with the amount of computer use.
CAUSES OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME
Viewing a computer screen often makes the eyes work harder. As a result, the unique characteristics and high visual demands of computer viewing make many individuals susceptible to the development of vision-related symptoms. Uncorrected vision problems can increase the severity of Computer Vision Syndrome symptoms. Viewing a computer screen is different than reading a printed page. Often the letters on the computer screen are not as precise or sharply defined, the level of contrast of the letters to the background is reduced, and the presence of glare and reflections on the screen may make viewing difficult.
Viewing distances and angles used for computer work are also often different from those commonly used for other reading or writing tasks. As a result, the eye focusing and eye movement requirements for computer viewing can place additional demands on the visual system. In addition, the presence of even minor vision problems can often significantly affect comfort and performance at a computer. Uncorrected or under corrected vision problems can be major contributing factors to computer-related eyestrain. In most cases, symptoms of CVS occur because the visual demands of the task exceed the visual abilities of the individual to comfortably perform them. At greatest risk for developing CVS are those persons who spend two or more continuous hours at a computer every day.
SYMPTOMS OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME
• eye strain
• headaches
• blurred vision
• dry eyes
• neck and shoulder pain
These symptoms may be caused by:
• poor lighting
• glare on the computer screen
• improper viewing distances
• poor seating posture
• uncorrected vision problems
• a combination of these factors
The extent to which individuals experience visual symptoms often depends on the level of their visual
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Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction Reviews
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- Try to find an ancient device that is the key to preventing the return of an ancient, evil race of interdimensional aliens
- For some unknown reason the evil Cragmites hate Lombaxes of which Ratchet is the sole living survivor
- Ratchet and Clank must not only save the galaxy from annihilation, but also unravel the mystery of Ratchet’s origin
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Exciting Possibilities with Nanotechnology
Exciting Possibilities with Nanotechnology
Just when you thought we have reached the summit of man’s engineering wisdom, we realize that we are just scratching the surface. There’s so much more promise lurking in technologies that harness the power of the atom. No, we’re not talking about nuclear fusion, though that’s another leap alright from the current fission technologies that have given rise to the atom bomb and nuclear power plants lighting our homes. This time, it’s about the technologies that allow manufacturers to handle parts at the molecular level. It’s called nanotechnology, or nanotech for short.
Savoring the possibilities…
For sure the technology is here and it’s beyond just science fiction. There have been research funding from large companies like IBM who have a great stake on nanotechnology as their future businesses. And it is just a matter of time before the first commercial nano products becomes available. We’re looking around the end of the next decade.
• Revolutionary nano materials. Nanotechnology is basically about rearranging molecular structures to assume new materials with the quality we need. You can expect significantly lighter and sturdier materials that can benefit air and space travel, not to mention road travel. Materials lighter than Kevlar and carbon fibers we now use but at remarkably lower cost when used in commercial aviation and other modes of transport will usher cheaper travel fares as it will take lesser amount of fuel to propel them. In addition, fuel sources can be developed using the same nanotechnology that can provide longer battery lives and cheaper fuel alternates.
• Nanocomputers will have microprocessor chips more powerful but are 3-4 times smaller than the most powerful chips we have today. Lithography that has made possible the miniaturization of computers we now enjoy in our mobile phones and netbooks has reached its peak and can no longer yield smaller computing footprints. If computer chip makers are to continue with the trend of increased computing power every year and smaller footprints every 8-12 months, a new manufacturing technology that goes smaller than what Lithography can deliver is needed.
• Nanotechnology opens a new vista for computing and memory storage technologies under radical production techniques that are currently underway. Rather than manipulating silicon with hair-thin circuits on wafer thin boards stacked inside your microprocessor chips, the microprocessor will start to operate on a molecular level to process even greater computer instructions.
• Medication heals at the cellular or molecular level. Medicines don’t heal; it’s the cells that have regained health that heal to bring you back to your healthy self. Nanotechnology promises to revolutionize the way surgery is done by going deeper into the cellular level to correct the root causes of ailments. You won’t necessarily reduce the size of a ship with doctors in it to travel through the bloodstream as in the movies. But both medication and surgery at the cellular level are expected to yield quantum leaps in medical science.
• The military application of nanotech is not about to be overlooked both by governments and weapons manufacturers. We now have smart bombs and other smart weaponry, but in the near future, expect truly smart weapons right in your hands that can evade surveillance or be tracked to their intended targets. Chemical weapons that can think to reach targets with better containment won’t be far once the technology is there to manipulate at the molecular level. GP
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The Future of Pc/Mobile Convergence: Competing technologies and emerging business models for the mobile Internet-Aarkstore Enterprise
The Future of Pc/Mobile Convergence: Competing technologies and emerging business models for the mobile Internet-Aarkstore Enterprise
The global mobile phone industry has been extremely successful in the past decade, with an average year-on-year subscriber growth of 24%. While the market has reached saturation in the more developed countries, it is still growing strongly in developing countries due to a combination of cheaper mobile phone handsets and the relative lack of fixed line infrastructure. Mobile operators therefore face two challenges: how to maintain or stimulate demand in the mature markets and secure a new client base and acquire market share in the developing markets. There were an estimated 1.2bn computers in use worldwide at the end of 2008 with mobile PCs driving the current and future computer expansion although general PC growth is slowing. As is the case with the mobile phone industry, the bulk of the installed base (nearly 60%) can be found in mature markets. However, developing countries will increasingly account for a larger share of the global installed base and PC penetration is expected to double by 2013. The lines have become more and more blurred between the mobile phone industry and computer industry with consumers demanding more portability and mobility, processing capability and access to data and applications anywhere and at any time. The availability of multifunctional devices such as smartphones with cloud computing capacities and portable PCs with integrated mobile technology able to access 3G, EDGE and other mobile networks for data transfer is further contributing to the convergence between the PC and mobile markets. This report provides an overview of the market trends, technological and regulatory changes that are shaping PC/mobile convergence. It also identifies the current issues influencing the convergence between PC and mobile technologies while describing the converged products and services available today and in the future. The report analyzes the threats and opportunities posed by the convergence as well as the industry players’ strategies to exploit the convergence, identifying successful business models and showing how new battlegrounds are developing between vendors in the space.
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